Have you ever dreamed of growing fresh vegetables, fragrant herbs, or lush flowers all year round, regardless of external weather conditions? Then, creating a hydroponic greenhouse could be your key to unlocking limitless gardening opportunities. 

Hydroponic greenhouses represent an exciting revolution in modern agriculture because they maximize water and nutrient efficiency to achieve more abundant and faster-growing crops, all without the use of traditional soil.

The good news is that setting up a DIY hydroponic greenhouse can be quite easy and cost-effective. Before diving into hydroponic gardening, take some time to learn the basics of this cultivation system and evaluate if this option is truly right for you.

In this article, we will explore in detail what a greenhouse using hydroponic systems is and its benefits. But that's not all—we will also provide you with a step-by-step guide to building your own greenhouse. 

Get ready to immerse yourself in a world of limitless cultivation, where your plants will grow in a controlled and optimized environment, producing abundant and high-quality harvests, regardless of the season.

Before proceeding, also read: “Irrigation systems for gardens and vegetable patches: how to build them”.

Hydroponic greenhouse: what it is and how it works

Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation method, is an alternative to traditional agriculture. This technique allows plants to grow without the need for soil. The roots of the plants are immersed in a nutrient solution composed of water and essential nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) that are directly absorbed by the roots.

It may seem like a modern and innovative method, but hydroponic crops have actually existed for centuries. However, today it is a widely practiced option for at least four reasons:

  1. It is increasingly difficult to find land suitable for cultivation;
  2. It allows for growing more vegetables and crops in less space, especially in urban areas;
  3. It uses less water compared to traditional agriculture;
  4. It reduces waste and environmental impact.

The greenhouse is simply a controlled environment where a hydroponic system can be installed to cultivate various types of plants.

Conditions inside the greenhouse are carefully monitored and regulated, including temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation, to provide plants with an ideal environment for optimal growth.

This revolutionary approach to agriculture redefines the traditional concept of gardening and soil use, as it does not require land and is flexible in its implementation—so much so that a greenhouse can even be installed vertically on walls.

Check out our guide to hydroponic growing

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Advantages and disadvantages of hydroponic greenhouse cultivation

Are you wondering whether hydroponics is a good option for your gardening skills and space? Undoubtedly, it is a much more enjoyable, healthy, and stress-free gardening experience.

Moreover—and it has been proven—it is a technique that will significantly improve the quality and yields of your plants while drastically reducing water use, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers.

If you are considering moving away from soil-based cultivation to hydroponic systems, here are all the pros and cons of this type of farming:

Advantages

  • More efficient use of water, which can be reused;
  • Reduced water consumption (10 times less) compared to soil-based gardening;
  • Better use of space, about 20% less than soil cultivation;
  • Year-round cultivation in a climate-controlled greenhouse with full parameter control;
  • Less use of chemicals because pest attacks in greenhouses are minimal;
  • Faster and better nutrient supply;
  • Stress-free cultivation as there is no need for plowing, mulching, or fumigation;
  • Faster growth thanks to full control of the growing environment.

While hydroponics brings numerous advantages, there are some factors you should consider before installing it. Let’s take a quick look at them.

Disadvantages

  • High initial costs due to the need for various accessories and equipment for proper operation;
  • Concerns about waterborne diseases such as root rot, which occur mainly due to poor hygiene;
  • Requires specific skills since it is a more technical cultivation method that involves knowledge of equipment configuration and parameter monitoring;
  • Requires greater supervision to ensure everything functions correctly—if just one system component fails, you could lose your plants in a matter of hours.

Keep reading to discover how profitable hydroponic greenhouse cultivation can be.

What are the most profitable hydroponic crops in a greenhouse?

Hydroponics, a cutting-edge technique that supports plants without the use of traditional soil substrates, revolutionizes the way crops thrive. Engaging in hydroponic greenhouse cultivation opens the doors to a world of exciting and profitable opportunities. 

Among the plants that adapt well to this growth method, the following stand out:

  • Leafy greens (lettuce, kale, spinach, Swiss chard, arugula);
  • Aromatic herbs (basil, mint, parsley, celery, lavender, marjoram, valerian);
  • Strawberries.

While these plants thrive in a hydroponic greenhouse, other varieties such as tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, beans, and pumpkins can also grow successfully, although they require additional care due to their size and weight. Some ornamental plants, including ficus, aglaonema, asplenium, calathea, dracaena, philodendron, and pothos, can also benefit from this approach but require more meticulous attention.

Beyond these crops, it is important to note the growing interest and legalization in many regions for the cultivation of hemp and legal cannabis, adding further opportunities and exciting prospects for growers in this innovative and sustainable context.

Super Greta LED Bar 480W

Super Greta Led Bar 480w, cultivation lamp with optimal light distribution and notable increase in yield. Full spectrum LED for growth and flowering.

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How much does a soil-free greenhouse cost?

Setting up a hydroponic greenhouse can vary significantly in price because it depends on key factors, including:

  • Greenhouse size;
  • Type of hydroponic system;
  • Plants you intend to grow;
  • Type of lighting and heating required.

If you are looking for an immediate and compact solution, ready to launch in your greenhouse without breaking the bank, you can estimate a cost of a few hundred euros. Meanwhile, larger greenhouses can range up to several thousand euros.

If DIY is your strength and you want to save money, there is the do-it-yourself option. With a bit of ingenuity and creativity, you can cut costs and create your hydroponic garden on a lower budget.

Before opting for DIY solutions, consider the available space for your greenhouse. Whether you have a small free corner or empty walls to utilize, there is always a hydroponic system that suits your needs. From small DIY buckets to elegant vertical setups, the choice is vast.

Hydroponic crops in greenhouses: types of systems 

There are two main categories of hydroponic systems, each subdivided into different cultivation types:

1. Hydroponic systems with roots in a substrate

Wick system

This is an easy-to-adopt option, particularly suitable for beginners. It can be easily set up in your greenhouse and differs from other hydroponic systems as it does not require an electric pump to transport water and nutrients to plant roots. The plants are grown in substrates such as rocks, sand, or wool. The wick—often a simple string—extends from the roots to a reservoir of water and nutrients. Creating it yourself is simple; you only need a container for the plants with an opening at the bottom (such as a bucket), a reservoir to hold the water, a wick connecting the plant roots to the reservoir, and a nutrient solution.

Flood and drain technique (ebb and flow)

The flood and drain method is a highly efficient and easy-to-manage hydroponic system. Here, the trays that hold substrates and plants are temporarily flooded, allowing them to absorb the nutrient solution. Once the substrates have sufficiently absorbed the nutrients, the solution is drained back into the reservoir. This approach allows for the use of various types of substrates and suits a wide range of plants. However, it is essential to ensure the water pump operates consistently, as the system depends on it to prevent root dehydration.

Drip system with recovery

This method, similar to conventional drip irrigation, is distinguished by its ability to collect and reuse excess water, improving efficiency. The system consists of a separate reservoir with pumps and small tubes that distribute water to pots at specific intervals via a timer. However, while it allows for more efficient use of nutrients, controlling pH and nutrient solution quality can be more complex.

2. Hydroponic systems with roots in water

Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)

The NFT technique is among the most widely used in hydroponics, applied to growing herbs, flowers, and vegetables. It requires a pump to transport water and nutrients through PVC tubes, where plants are suspended in individual net pots. These plants receive nutrients from the water that continuously circulates through the pipes. If you choose this method for your greenhouse, installing PVC growing trays with removable covers will be helpful.

Deep Water Culture (DWC)

Deep Water Culture, where roots float in water, is optimal for small-sized plants such as lettuce and some aromatic herbs. It is particularly appreciated by commercial growers because it completely submerges roots in a nutrient solution, ensuring a constant supply of water and nutrients. This system, known as DWC, is one of the simplest and most cost-effective approaches. Often used in educational settings, we do not recommend it for large plants or root crops such as carrots, onions, or potatoes.

Aeroponic system

While hydroponic systems already save water compared to traditional agriculture, aeroponics takes it a step further. Roots suspended in the air allow plants to absorb the nutrient solution via a sprayer while taking in oxygen from the environment. Aeroponic systems require fewer nutrients but can be somewhat bulky. Plants need dark containers and regular misting with nutrient solution to prevent drying out. It is a more expensive approach, and we do not recommend it for beginners.

Aerotube 100 Aeroponic System

The Aerotube 50 aeroponic system by Platinum Hydroponics is an excellent solution for those who want to try their hand at aeroponic cultivation of cuttings and small plants.

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How to build a DIY hydroponic greenhouse

We have finally reached the core of this guide. Now, we will reveal how you can build a greenhouse with your own hands. Before getting started, it is essential to understand that ensuring the success of a hydroponic system requires careful control of every aspect, using the right accessories and devices:

  • Proper lighting (artificial lighting, timer, etc.);
  • Controlled system for cultivation, irrigation, and maintenance (containers, water pumps, disinfection supplies, suitable substrates, etc.);
  • Environmental control (ambient temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide enrichment);
  • Water oxygenation (using air stones or pumps);
  • Monitoring nutrient concentration levels (with an electrical conductivity meter);
  • pH control of water and nutrient solution (with a pH meter).

Regarding the necessary materials for a hydroponic greenhouse, you will certainly need an air pump to ensure water oxygenation, essential to prevent root rot. You will also need opaque containers to provide darkness for the roots and seeds or germinated seedlings.

Are you ready to try hydroponics? Here is a basic step-by-step guide to get started. We have chosen a Deep Water Culture (DWC) system, but remember that you can adapt these steps to other hydroponic systems as well:

  1. Gather all your materials: ensure you have a reservoir (easy options include a bucket or a plastic basin), a lid, stones or an air pump, net pots, and an inert growing medium;
  2. Drill holes in the reservoir lid: these holes will be used to insert the net pots. Make sure to space them properly so there is enough room for the plants to grow;
  3. Prepare the nutrient solution: fill the reservoir with water and mix the appropriate amount of nutrient solution;
  4. Oxygenate the water: add an air pump or air stones to keep the water well oxygenated;
  5. Plant the seedlings: place the seedlings in net pots with an inert growing medium such as pumice, gravel, clay pebbles, lava rock, or perlite;
  6. Position the container: place your hydroponic setup in a well-lit area that does not receive the most intense hours of natural light.

Visit our hydroponic tools category

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And that’s it. Now all that’s left is to watch your plants grow before your eyes. However, do not forget to monitor and maintain the nutrient solution and pH level.

Are you seriously considering setting up a hydroponic greenhouse and adopting a soilless cultivation system? The decision is in your hands! We have shown you the amazing advantages of this innovative technology, as well as the significant commitment required to establish it.

Revolutionize your greenhouse garden and experience a more convenient and modern way of cultivation. At Grow Shop Italia, you will find a dedicated category with everything you need to create the best hydroponic greenhouse.

If you need more information, check out all our guides on hydroponic and aeroponic cultivation.